The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe A Personal Reflection Essay Example

The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe: A Personal Reflection Paper The poem The Raven is one of the classics of the American literary canon. Its author Edgar Allan Poe, the quintessential American poet and short story writer, brings rhythm, style and high metaphor to bear on this work. Published in the era preceding the American Civil War, the poem captures sentiments common during the time. But in terms of its central theme – one of longing and loss – is universal in its appeal and relevance. The rest of this essay will lay out my personal interpretation and evaluation of this piece of literature. The narrator of the poem – who is young and whose name is not given – starts on a verse soliloquy on a cold December night. As the young male narrator languishes in a mood of melancholy, a surprise visitor calls upon his abode. It is not a friend or a relative, but a Raven that has the magical power to speak! Carrying a serious disposition, the young narrator uses the services of the Raven to alleviate his forlornness. The opening lies of the poem showcase Poe at his lyrical best. The musicality of these lines is maintained throughout the long narrative: â€Å"Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore – While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.† It is thus the young man acquaints himself to the arrival of the mysterious visitor. Gifted though the bird is, its articulation is quite limited, with ‘Nevermore’ being a standard response to most the narrator’s queries. Piqued by curiosity and also to distract himself briefly from the loss of his lover Lenore, the young man engages the Raven into more questions. But the deadpan answer of â€Å"nevermore† for his questions about his lover, their future, etc, only aggravates his grief. Within a short while, the neurotic repetition of â€Å"nevermore† from the bird wrecks the nerves of the young man, leading him to admit that his soul that is trapped in the Raven’s shadow shall â€Å"Nevermore† be released: We will write a custom essay sample on The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe: A Personal Reflection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe: A Personal Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe: A Personal Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door; And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming, And the lamp-light o’er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor; And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted – nevermore!† The poem is fascinating at several levels. The imposed anthropomorphic characteristic on the Raven, whereby it serves the role of a counsellor to the aggrieved youth, is conceptually brilliant on part of the author. The author does not make it clear if the Raven can make sense of what it is uttering or that if it is contextually responding to the question posed by the young man. Hence the repeated uttering of ‘Nevermore’ can be interpreted as the self-defeating neurosis transpiring within the narrator’s mind or as factual assessment of reality objectively seen from the outside. It is this ambiguity to the authorial intent that gives so much scope for reading between the lines. This aspect of the poem lends it intellectual beauty too. Although the poem resonates with tragic verse forms in ancient Greek and Roman literature, the device of a predatory bird as fortune teller is original and brilliant. An equally impressive quality of the poem is its cool and pragmatic acceptance of separation, longing and loss, without resort to tragic melodramatic overtures. There is virtue and strength even in the gradual descent into madness, Poe seems to suggest. Moreover, the relative lack of didacticism in the poem is a merit. The references to Greek and Roman mythology, as well as to several classical texts, lend color and richness to the poem. For example, the device of the bust of Pallas (upon which the Raven sits), the reading of books by the narrator (â€Å"reading many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore†), and the reference to the Greek goddess of wisdom Athena add layers of interpretation and historical context. The extension of the gloomy state of the narrator’s mind is suitably reflected in the choice of the bird and the climatic setting. For example, the predatory bird Raven as well as the harsh winter associated with the month of December, both represent the state of gloom and conflict engulfing the young man’s psyche. It is for all these poetic merits that The Raven will continue to remain central to not just American literature but to Western intellectual tradition. Reference: Edgar Allan Poe, â€Å"The Raven [Text-02], American Review, February 1845, 1:143:145, retrieved from

What Is Sip Trunk Essays

What Is Sip Trunk Essays What Is Sip Trunk Essay What Is Sip Trunk Essay What a SIP trunk is? A SIP trunk is an IP connection that establishes a SIP communications link between your organization and an Internet telephony service provider (ITSP) beyond your firewall. Typically, a SIP trunk is used to connect your organization’s central site to an ITSP. In some cases, you may also opt to use SIP trunking to connect your branch site to an ITSP. Unlike in traditional telephony, where bundles of physical wires were once delivered from the service provider to a business, a SIP trunk allows a company to replace these traditional fixed PSTN lines with PSTN connectivity via a SIP trunking service provider on the Internet. SIP trunks can offer significant cost-savings for enterprises, eliminating the need for local PSTN gateways, costly ISDN BRIs (Basic Rate Interfaces) or PRIs (Primary Rate Interfaces). Why you would use a SIP trunk? Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is used to initiate and manage Voice over IP (VoIP) communications sessions for basic telephone service and for additional real-time communication services, such as instant messaging, conferencing, presence detection, and multimedia. This section provides planning information for implementing SIP trunks, a type of SIP connection that extends beyond the boundary of your local network. Deploying SIP trunking can be a big step toward simplifying your organization’s telecommunications and preparing for up-to-date enhancements to real-time communications. One of the primary advantages of SIP trunking is that you can consolidate your organization’s connections to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) at a central site, as opposed to its predecessor, time division multiplexing (TDM) trunking, which typically requires a separate trunk from each branch site. RFCs that discuss SIP trunking Best Practices for SIP Trunks: Since SIP trunks are meant for interconnection between servers, they SHOULD run over TCP. Authentication SHOULD be done using mutual TLS authentication, with both sides of the trunk providing a TLS Certificate. TODO: might be interesting to recommend some practices for usage of phone numbers, but this might be out of scope here. Security Considerations: Servers providing SIP trunks will need to authenticate and authorize access to those trunk services. This specification recommends usage of the practices defined and required in RFC 3261 mutual TLS uthentication for this purpose. In some cases, the requests sent on SIP trunks can require confidentiality and message integrity. In such cases, usage of mutual authenticated TLS is RECOMMENDED. [RFC3261] Rosenberg, J. , Schulzrinne, H. , Camarillo, G. , Johnston, A. , Peterson, J. , Sparks, R. , Handley, M. , and E Schooler, SIP: Session Initiation Protocol, RFC 3261, June 2002. [RFC3263] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, Session Initiat ion Protocol (SIP): Locating SIP Servers, RFC 3263, June 2002. Informative References: [RFC4458] Jennings, C. , Audet, F. , and J. Elwell, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) URIs for Applications such as Voicemail and Interactive Voice Response (IVR), RFC 4458, April 2006. [RFC4480] Schulzrinne, H. , Gurbani, V. , Kyzivat, P. , and J. Rosenberg, RPID: Rich Presence Extensions to the Presence Information Data Format (PIDF), RFC 4480, July 2006. [RFC3903] Niemi, A. , Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for Event State Publication, RFC 3903, October 2004.

Problems That Employees And Employers Face And Possible Solutions - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Problems That Employees And Employers Face And Possible Solutions - Smart Custom Writing Management of Information Systems and Corporate EthicsIn the business world, every organization has its mission, vision and defined goals. Today, the world is in a digital era, and organizations utilize automated Information Technology   (IT) systems to manage and protect information, reduce risk thus achieve their mission. Management Information Systems refers to the use of particular systems to give managers reports on their current and past operations. This helps the management in decision-making, and problem solving. The use of a good IT system can make an organization adhere to its corporate ethics and avoid scandals. The following summary of an article reflects the role of Information Technology Systems, Management of Information Systems in helping an organization to meet its corporate ethics, and responsibilities while adhering to the federal rules, and regulations. The essay also shows the role of the chief information officer in leading an organization towards achieving it s objectives. In the article, Business Ethics: Steering Clear of Scandal, Mary Pratt illustrates how IT leaders can aid their companies to avoid ethical problems. In the current digitalized era, the IT staff at Texas Health Resources Inc. is obligated to help in technical functions, meet its ethical standards, and comply with rules and regulations. According to the Deputy Chief Information Officer at the organization, Michael Alverson, the system should eliminate unethical behaviors and promote corporate ethics (Pratt 1). According to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, the medical records of a patient should be kept private. The records should also be easily accessible to the doctors, nurses, caregivers and the patient. The system should ensure that cases of malpractices where unauthorized information access can endanger the life and privacy of a patient are blocked. IT employers at this nonprofit healthcare organization have to comply with certain ethical standards. There are clear-cut organization policies that prohibit them from taking gifts so that they can influence decision-making in the procurement system. Procurement has to get to purchase an IT system that helps in meeting the quality, and the needs of the organization. If the organization has to procure a new system, they have to seek the Business Ethics council. The policies of ethics dictate that a company has to do the right thing. This means that they have to adhere to certain values like environmental sustainability, commit themselves to the community, and this can help employers to work. The ethics play a great role in enabling a company to meet rules and regulations of the federal government, meet the consumer and employee demands while ensuring profitability. Mike Distelhost, a law professor at Capital University Law School says that, the objectives of corporate ethics can be met appropriately only if an organization decides to use a good technological system (Pratt 2). The involvement of IT experts in policy making greatly contribute to the corporate strategy. They often know the capabilities, and weaknesses of a system, and how scandals should be blocked. The Executive Director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University, Kirk O. Hanson, says that system should be able to monitor information access to avoid violation of company policy (Pratt 2). Unauthorized information access can lead to the downfall of an organization. It is important to note that the system should be designed in a way that guarantees authorized accessibility, and at the same time identify any attempt to breach it. It is possible for organizations to get systems that can effectively analyze customer satisfaction after surveys have been carried out. This can help to reveal worker’s compliance to business and organizational ethics. An organization can also design a system that enables it to screen the values of its business partners like subcontractors. This can help to eliminate malpractices like bribery. Today, the world is coming to terms with global warming, an organization should get a system that enables it to track its energy use and indicate inefficiencies. IT leaders especially the Chief Information Officer should act as a bridge, and help organizations to get a system that helps them to meet their social responsibility programs, and comply with business ethics. Intel Corp. can best illustrate this. According to its CIO, Diane Byrant, the company has an Ethics and Compliance Oversight Committee. This committee is based on the five key principles of both the workers and the company. These are the Company should carry out business both with integrity, and with honesty; Intel and its workers should comply with the law; employees should treat each other with fairness; employees should not engage themselves in conflicts of interest with the organization, and they should protect the reputation and assets of the company (Pratt 3). The IT staff at Intel has built an IT system that helps the company to meet this requirement. This has made it accountable in accordance to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. There are also workers who handle documentation systems, and retain records, which is extremely essential in legal cases. Intel’s IT systems have enabled it to implement its corporate values. They have a system that enables them to scrutinize their suppliers to ensure that their ethical values and standards meet with those of Intel. At its data centers, the organization has excellent systems that monitor energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and aim at controlling the hazardous effects of global warming (Pratt 3). The organization has systems that will check for any improper behavior like the leaking of Intellectual Property to the public. In general, the organization has used solutions that aid in protection of its basic five principles, says Byrant. CIO’s should be at the forefront in building and implementing such systems instead of receiving orders from the executive management. Information management does not involve blocking of certain websites that may risk a company’s future and profitability. It should have systems that support daily activities of an organization, its business ethics, and responsibility programs. This article illustrates the need of Management of Information Systems in an organization. It shows the significance of the CIO in helping an organization to formulate and meet its strategic long and short-term goals. The CIO controls the implementation of technology so that the organization can have increased access to vital information, and integrated management of systems. In general, the CIO plays a key role in implementing practices, and processes that ensuring that information flows freely throughout the organization. This article has highlighted the benefits of MIS. Organizations structures have aligned themselves to meet with the demands of information management. Managers are able to have supervised their employees in an efficient manner, and in less time than before. These systems have led to a decentralized system of decision making without losing the awareness of an organization’s management. Organizations are able to divide themselves into distinct units, effectively utilize information and thus cut down costs and reduce unnecessary complexities.   In conclusion, the management of information dictates the profitability of an organization. It is easy to know who made a certain decision or action. The incentive system should be used to determine how the decision-maker should be rewarded or punished depending on the outcome of his or her action. IT can cut expenditures involved in processing and transferring both quantitative and qualitative organization. A good example is the manual trading of stocks on the conventional trading floors. A lot of money was spent on hiring brokers. The use of â€Å"screen-based† systems has saved resources in share trading. In the business world today, the information systems are the key to survival and profitability. Work Cited Pratt, K. Mary. Business Ethics: Steering Clear of Scandal. CIO. 2009. Web. 18 Nov 2010.

Surface analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Surface analysis - Essay Example For example, corrosion in metal is prevented through the use of specific chemicals; various optical effects on lenses may be done through special coatings; and automobile emissions are significantly reduced through the unique chemical composition on the surface of an auto-exhaust catalyst. To achieve the desired function, the surface a material should be analyzed to determine its physical characteristics, chemical composition, chemical and atomic structure, electronic state, and molecular bonding (Vickerman, 2009). Methods Several probes may be applied on a solid surface to measure its response, namely: electrons, ions, neutrons, photons, and heat or field. Each probe has a specific response. The combination of probes and corresponding responses provides 36 basic classes of experimental techniques which may be utilized for surface analysis. Table 1 Most Commonly Used Surface Analysis Methods Incident Excitation Probe photon electron ion neutron electric/magnetic field Radiation Detec ted photon FTIR, Raman, XAFS, EXAFS, SFG, IR EDAX NRA GDOES electron XPS/ESCA, UPS, (AE) XAFS AES, SAM, SEM, TEM, LEED, RHEED, SPE, STM, EELS STM, AFM ion SIMS, LEIS, RBS, ISS neutron INS As shown in Table 1, the following shows the most commonly used surface analysis methods: FTIR – Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; Raman Vibrational Spectroscopy; XAFS – X-ray Absorption Fine Structure analysis; EXAFS – Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure analysis; SFG – Sum Frequency Generation; IR – Infrared Spectroscopy; EDAX – Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays; NRA – Nuclear Reaction Analysis; GDOES – Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy; XPS/ESCA – X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy / Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis; UPS – Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy; (AE) XAFS – Auger Emission X-ray Absorption Fine Structure analysis; AES – Auger Electron Spectroscopy; SAM –Sc anning Auger Spectroscopy; SEM – Scanning Electron Microscopy; TEM – Transmission Electron Microscopy; LEED – Low Energy Electron Diffraction; RHEED – Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction; SPE – Spin Polarized Electron spectroscopy; STM – Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy; EELS – Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy; AFM – Atomic Force Microscopy; SIMS – Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry; LEIS – Low Energy Ion Scattering spectroscopy; RBS – Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy; ISS – Ion Scattering Spectroscopy; and INS – Inelastic Neutron Scattering; Analysis Auger electron spectroscopy or AES is considered as a key chemical surface analysis tool for conducting material samples. The AES technique is based on the excitation of auger electrons which allow not only the imaging of atoms but for chemical identification as well. Information available through AES ranges between the first 2 to 10 at omic layers of the sample surface (Matheiu, 2009). Meanwhile, low energy electron diffraction or LEED works by bombarding a surface with beam of low energy electrons which enable the identification of the surface structure by electron diffraction (Vickerman, 2009). A beam of low energy electrons between 10 to 200 eV is used to determine crystallographic structure. A device called a Retarding Field Analyzer is utilized to detect diffracted electrons. Diffracted electrons appear as spots on a phosphorescent screen which move according to energy variations of electrons. The intensity of the spots also provides information regarding surface reconstructions (Walker, 2011). An auger

Online Promotion Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Online Promotion Management - Essay Example 2) The five steps for controlling include, establishing clear standards, monitoring, and recording, compare results against standards, communicate results and If needed, take the corrective action (Nickel et al 78). You will then send the feedback to check if the standards are realistic. If not you will have to start the process again. These steps will be essential when being implemented with a telecommuter in order to establish authority and eligibility. It also provides the initial steps for initiating telecommuting from the employees or management. The telecommuter should have a history reliable and responsible discharge of their work duties, a full understanding of the operations, pursue high quality work product and establish priorities with regard to effective time management. 3) Telecommuting changes the skills of first level supervisors to be able to harmonize the demands of management and collective workforce. It is able to allow the lowest level managers to use their levers and influence their position to improve the whole organization. There is the positive development as the first level supervisors have more influence in productivity, product quality and good labor relationships in the company (Nickel et al 72). 1) The video of Chapter nine talks about production and operation management. It talks about Ball Brother Glass MGC Co. Who made containers for paint and changed to a more form contemporary packaging. The Ball Co. get a lot of revenue from beverage and food container. On production, they use aluminum to make the can. Factors that affect production includes location, Ball Co. has over 30 manufacturing companies that are close to the customer. They also employ just in time inventory to reduce the cost of warehousing. Quality control is also helpful in ensuring that the customers get the best from this company.

Fate Symbolism Essay Example for Free

Fate Symbolism Essay Some people believe that each step steps on the way of life is predetermined through the beginning to the end, and people are powerless to resist it. The main character who is the narrator of the short novel, â€Å"A Woman Like Me† by Xi Xi, is trying to convey to us the same concept which is called the fate. She has been an orphan since she was very young, and she and her brother were raised by her Aunt Yifen. Her aunt has so much pressure that she pays less attention on their education, so when the narrator grows up, she lets her inherit their familial skill which is making up for dead. All of these elements lead her life into a miserable fate. From the psychological description of herself, I found that in the depth of her heart, she actually doesn’t want to surrender to her fate, but wants to have friendship and love. In my opinion, our life, whatever love or death, are seem arranged by fate, but we can try our best to alter it and change it. As in the story, although the narrator considers that all the things happened in her life is arranged by fate and she is â€Å"totally powerless to resist Fate† (152), I think most of the misfortunes happened in her life are root in her timidity. The reasons that makes her lacks of courage are her self-abased and doesn’t want to violate her family’s custom. In my opinion, our fate is in our own hand. When she faces the point of transition of fate, she doesn’t have enough courage to change her own fate because of her self-abased, but in the depth of her heart, she is really want to change her destiny. In story she describes herself, â€Å"I’m a person who has no concept of self-protection, and my words and deeds will always conspire to make me a laughing stock in the eyes of others† (152). Her character make people around her can’t accept her and laugh at her. It makes her who originally is self-abased because of low education become more self-abased. Her despaired emotion is expressed many times in the story, â€Å"A woman like me is actually unsuitable for any man’s love† (152). The word, â€Å"actually†, was said with her realistic helpless. She has no confidence to fall in love with a man. She thinks her fate is decided that she can do nothing for it. However, when the narrator who originally surrenders to the fate sees the boy suicide for love, she unexpectedly feels shame of him and refuses to make up for him. She thinks that â€Å"his had been act of extreme weakness: †¦ I should have nothing to do with anyone who lacked the courage to resist the forces of fate.† (157) Her view of other’s fate reflect the real idea in her depth heart. When she face the situation of other people, she is very clear that people should have courage to resist the force of fate. As a Chinese proverb said: â€Å"The spectators understand the chess game better than the players.† When she faces that boy, she is feels humiliating with his weakness. We can find her aspire and insist of love. Unfortunately, she doesn’t have the courage to ins ist her own love. Thus, it is her self-abased make her yell of fate can only leave in the depth of her heart and can’t let it into action. Another reason that makes her hesitates on the edge of fighting to change her fate is she asserted Chinese traditional ideology by family. In one hand, she wants to control her life, but on the other hand some traditional ideas are still leave in her mind. At that time in Hong Kong, because of the Colonization of Britain, many people were influenced by the concept of western culture which was that people could control their life and changed their fate by themselves, but the concept of her family was quite different. The narrator’s family is from the main land of China. Her father and her aunt are all cosmeticians that make up for dead which is the skill that handed down from their ancestors, so in the traditional concept, it must have a person in the family to inherit this skill and her Aunt Yifen choose her as the successor. However, the society also influences her so much. She describes the society as a â€Å"greed-consumed, dog-eat-dog world† (154). From how she describes the society, we can find out most people in that society are all struggling to survive in that competitive world. They don’t follow the fate but create and change it by themselves. Under the influence of the surrounding, she once has thought about many other works she can do, such as â€Å"work as saleswoman in a shop, or sell bakery products, or even be a maid in someone’s home† (160), but finally, she still afraid of to compete with others in that cruel society and follow her fate that decided by her family. On the contrary, I don’t believe that fate is not changeable. I think the destiny is in my hand. In the story, the narrator is so weak that she predicts her fate is predetermined and yields to her fate. She and her Aunt Yifen have the same occupation, and she has already seen her aunt’s miserable fate, so she pessimistically thinks that her â€Å"fate and Aunt Yifen’s are one and same.† (159) She is still young and nobody know what will happen in the future, but she give up at first. I believe that opportunities are for the people who are prepared. If she gives up trying and working hard, she won’t grasp the opportunity to change her fate, even the opportunity has coming. As we know that America is country that full of opportunities for people who work hard to change their fate. That is the reason I came to study in America. As an international student whose first language isn’t English is real tough to success in academic. However, like most of other international students, I know that I need to keep studying hard and never stop. Once I hesitate, I will fall behind of others because everyone keeps fighting and struggling in this competitive society. Therefore, I believe that fate is in my own hand. In conclusion, I really feel regressive for her. If she cares less about other’s view of her, she will have courage to save her love; if she put away her traditional idea, she will have courage to find a new job; if she becomes more confidence, she will against her miserable fate and start a new life. To me, I will have the courage. Stand up from where I fall down and keep working hard, I believe my fate will be different.

Great Britain Essay examples -- History, British Empire

Ever since its creation in 1707, the United Kingdom of Great Britain has been a powerful union of many different nations and identities, including the English, Scots, Welsh and later Irish. From the Middle Ages until the Second World War this union had not only fortified its domestic political power but also expanded its reign across the entire world, resulting in the world’s largest and mightiest empire, the British Empire. This great achievement of the union was mainly due to the remarkable sense of unity of its people who considered themselves primarily as British and secondly as Scots, Welsh or Irish. By the end of the Second World War, however, the domestic governance stability also threatened to collapse as many foreign colonies of the Empire seized independence. The Scots, Welsh and the Northern Irish started demanding more and more political independence from Westminster and by the end of the 20th century they were finally granted own national parliaments. After this p rocess of devolution, the English people started questioning their own identity and what distinguished them from the Scots, Welsh and the Northern Irish. But is there a national identity in England and if yes can this national identity be politically mobilized in the near future? When investigating English national identity and its possible future political mobilization it is crucial to analyze its meaning and history in the first part. Bechhofer and McCrone (2009) explain national identity as a political, sociological, cultural and psychological construct which is highly influence by the media, political changes within a state and its institutions. National identity, therefore, stays in a very close connection to notions such as nation, nationhood and nati... ...necessary in the eyes of the English voters that mainly vote in regard of other more important issues and debates. Partly contradicting Copus, Kumar (2001) explains that a future English nationalism is does not have to be excluded and very possible, but no one can now say how this is reflected in the future. To put it in a nutshell, in my opinion a political mobilization of the English identity in the near future is rather not probable since the English people are clearly not in the need of it an English parliament. Not only due to the multicultural aspect of its society today but also due to its imperialistic past, the English identity has become multifaceted and interpreted in many ways which makes it much harder for the English nationalism to evolve compared to Scotland, Wales and Ireland. Therefore, a unified mobilization is in the near future not thinkable.

Hydraulic Jack

————————————————- Hydraulic jack Hydraulic jacks are typically used for shop work, rather than as an emergency jack to be carried with the vehicle. Use of jacks not designed for a specific vehicle requires more than the usual care in selecting ground conditions, the jacking point on the vehicle, and to ensure stability when the jack is extended. Hydraulic jacks are often used to liftelevators  in low and medium rise buildings. A hydraulic jack uses a fluid, which is incompressible, that is forced into a cylinder by a pump plunger.Oil is used since it is self lubricating and stable. When the plunger pulls back, it draws oil out of the reservoir through a suction check valve into the pump chamber. When the plunger moves forward, it pushes the oil through a discharge check valve into the cylinder. The suction valve ball is within the chamber and opens with each draw of the p lunger. The discharge valve ball is outside the chamber and opens when the oil is pushed into the cylinder. At this point the suction ball within the chamber is forced shut and oil pressure builds in the cylinder.In a  bottle jack  the piston is vertical and directly supports a bearing pad that contacts the object being lifted. With a single action piston the lift is somewhat less than twice the collapsed height of the jack, making it suitable only for vehicles with a relatively high clearance. For lifting structures such as houses the hydraulic interconnection of multiple vertical jacks through valves enables the even distribution of forces while enabling close control of the lift.In a  floor jack  (aka ‘trolley jack') a horizontal piston pushes on the short end of a  bellcrank, with the long arm providing the vertical motion to a lifting pad, kept horizontal with a horizontal linkage. Floor jacks usually include castors and wheels, allowing compensation for the arc taken by the lifting pad. This mechanism provide a low profile when collapsed, for easy maneuvering underneath the vehicle, while allowing considerable extension.

Musculinity and drinking

1.   Does the study meet the scientific requirements?It cannot be denied that scientific study has become of great importance to any profession.   Everyone is aware of the fact that knowledge is increased through study and that critique of that study can also provide a basis for improving the study practices.  This study, â€Å"The Glass Phallus Pub (lic) Masculinity and Drinking in Rural New Zealand by Hugh Campbell meet the scientific requirements as it involved an intensive analysis of a particular site.2.   Is it a research study?Moreover, it is a scientific study utilizing the ethnographic fieldwork research methods.   Ethnographic research or fieldwork is considered an essential part of the training towards becoming a social scientist such that it is said to play a role in â€Å"consciousness raising† by extending one’s view of the world and challenging one’s assumptions about the nature of things (Robson, 1993).   Through ethnographic research the fieldworker gains an appreciation of the diversity and complexity of the human social condition and, at the same time, of the ultimate unity of human-kind.3.   Is it a quantitative study?No, it is not a quantitative study since it did not use any notation system. It must be noted that quantitative researchers assign numbers to observations and produce data by counting and measuring things.   Further, this study did not use any counting and measuring of things.4. Is it a qualitative study?Yes, this is a qualitative study since the researcher did not make counts or assign numbers to his observations. But rather, the researcher gain access into the â€Å"life-world† of his subjects and male groups; that is, to discover their motivations, their sources of meaning, their emotions and other subjective aspects of their lives because it is only in doing so that a researcher will be able to see, to describe, and to understand human behavior and social phenomena with greater d epth.   In addition, the researcher employed a qualitative research method which is participatory ethnographic fieldwork (p.262)5.   Is it clearly written?Yes, it is clearly written as the researcher used the first person and based on his experiences and analysis6.   Assess the title.The title is somewhat vague though as the author used a metaphor and one may not be totally familiar with â€Å"The Glass Phallus.†   So, one has to read the article thoroughly first before understanding the meaning behind the title.7.   Assess the authors` affiliations.Not much of the authors` affiliations were included in the study except that he has lived in the research area or community for five years as this is a participatory ethnographic fieldwork (p.262)8.   Assess the abstract.The abstract is clearly stated and includes the necessary things to include in an abstract such as the subjects and locale of the study, design of the study, the results, and the conclusion.9.   Asse ss the references.The references used were comprehensive and suited to the given study.10.   Is there a centrality of purpose between the introduction, method, and results?Yes, more or less there’s a centrality of purpose between the introduction, method, and results. But lesser centrality between introduction and method as the introduction is more of a myth about the rural pub, a nostalgic fiction of yesteryears as described in the introduction.   The method and results has more centrality as the author was able to connect the method used which is ethnographic fieldwork to the results of the study which is more qualitative.   The results of the study presented are ethnographic data which are the product of systematic and sustained observation.11.   Critique the introduction according to:– the literature reviewThe authors’ review of literature was conducted and integrated in the discussion part of the article although previous studies were not referred t o by specific articles, the names of authors and publication years were given. Moreover, the literature reported supported the selected qualitative method used in the study.–      study purposeThis study, â€Å"The Glass Phallus Pub (lic) Masculinity and Drinking in Rural New Zealand† by Hugh Campbell, examined the various ways in which pubs operate as a social site, where male power is constructed in rural communities.   Another is to examine the way in which symbolic notions of rurality are integral to the construction of gendered power in rural space.12.   Critiques the Method according to– the sample selectionThe sample of the study population was large (150-200) men who worked in farm service industries, were farm workers, owned or managed small farm service firms, or (a minority) were bachelor farmers.   Manual laborers on farms and in the farm service industries constituted the majority, but men from the agricultural petite bourgeoisie also were presented consistently.The participant sample selected basically on their performance known as the after-work drinking session.   The temporal parameters of after-work drinking strongly influenced which local men could join the pub (lic) performance of masculinity.   In addition to the fact that this study was the result of two periods of fieldwork within 5 years of ethnographic research, all the above mentioned criteria achieved the data saturation required.– the study designA participatory ethnographic study using formal and informal interviews was conducted to frame the design of the study (p.262). The method used was appropriate for this study as it sought to examine the various ways in which pubs operate as a social site, where male power is constructed in rural communities.   Also to examine the way in which symbolic notions of rurality are integral to the construction of gendered power in rural space.In addition, the qualitative interviews were undertaken to und erstand the experiences and all that they entail.– data collection proceduresData collection procedure used which was formal and informal interviews and were consistent with the purpose of the study since the study was a qualitative.   Moreover, 200 hours of participatory ethnographic fieldwork (in the pubs), made an even greater abundance of informal discussion and dialogue with members of the community.– researcher’s roleThe researcher’s role is to conduct interviews (formal or informal) using the participatory ethnographic fieldwork.– the issue of timeThis study was done for approximately 5 years of living in the community. The researcher has done interviews and discussions not just in the pubs but also in various locales such as sports clubs, churches, and voluntary organizations, and in the subjects` workplace.– materials/instruments usedThe strategies and tools involved in data collection includes ethnographic audiotaped interviews w hich includes open-ended, broad â€Å"grand tour† questions followed by more focused and in-depth discussions; participant observations were conducted in a variety of places; photography was extensive.13.   Critique the Results according to– findingsAnalysis from data obtained revealed two major characteristics of pub drinking performance, which are the conversational cockfighting and the disciplines of drinking. These two combine to ensure that a particular version of masculinity, here called pub(lic) masculinity reproduce itself.   A further finding is that masculinity in this kind of performative situation develops a degree of invisibility.– tables, graphs or chartsNo tables, graphs, or charts were included in the study.– statistical data and tests usedNo statistical data or tests were used as this is a qualitative study. So no sample data were given.   Only some conversation or descriptive data were presented.-discussionThe discussion of the res ult was done comprehensively and thus thoroughly-limitationsThe researcher realized the difficulties of analyzing an invisible masculinity and argues that rendering masculinity is an important task for any sociological analysis of both public leisure sites in rural society.-implications– The significant implication of this study is that rural sociologists must move quickly beyond viewing rural pub as just another aspect of the rural idyll but it is more of the operation of gendered power in rural communities, and as a site where rural masculinities are enacted and defended.ReferenceRobson, C. (1993) Real World Research: A Resource for Social Scientists andPractitioner-Researchers. Blackwell.

Fascisms in Germany and Italy essays

Fascisms in Germany and Italy essays Germany and Italy rose up under new leaders with a new type of governing policy. However, the same policies that caused growth lead to eventual collapse of these nations. Fascism grew because of extreme nationalism, fear, and governmental control. It failed due to absolute power by one man, its own aggressive nature, and lack of organization. Hitlers rise to power can be credited for many reasons. Firstly, the Nazis gave the German middle class a reason why they were having problems, and came up with a solution. As Hitler explained it by using pseudo science, the Jews were the problem and there was only one solution. Along with this he instituted mass propaganda against the Jews and for the Aryan race. This went a long way to create the kind of nationalism that Hitler was looking for. Soon most of Germany felt like a strong and united people, willing to do anything for their state and their leader. Those who were not, lived in constant fear of the Nazis. The SS and the SA policed the streets and used excessive violence whenever they felt it necessary. People were either happy to be with Hitler or afraid to oppose him. Hitler had control. With this control Hitler made policies that were actually very beneficial to the middle class. By eliminating large corporations, creating a strong military and increasing industry to e quip the military Germany began to grow. There were a lot of problems in Italy. Mussolini used fascism in a very similar manner to Hitler. The way he saw it, Italy was divided into two sections: the north and the south. The northern part of Italy was industrialized while southern almost completely agricultural. Thus, Mussolini wanted to unify the people to create one strong nation. He went about this by using his own charisma and propaganda. He spoke of the history of Rome and the strength of Italians. ...

A directors duty to a corporation’s creditors

A directors duty to a corporations creditors Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . A directors duty to a corporation’s creditors Introduction In this chapter we will look at two related issues; how the somewhat nebulous duties discussed in the previous chapter operate to protect creditors interests and drawing on theoretical writing on corporate governance analyse the extent to which there is potential for conceptual and actual conflicts of interest. The issues that this dissertation attempts to answer are pertinent to the core of corporate governance and therefore I will initially attempt to outline a conceptual background to the debate within this chapter. Theories of Corporate Governance The legal framework within which the Corporation as a social entity operates is informed by a vast and at sometimes incomprehensible corpus of economic theory. An understanding of the role of the corporation will give us an understanding of the objective norm by which we are assessing our current legal rules that regulate the relationships of three of the major corpo rate constituents: Creditors, Shareholders and Directors. Boatright outlines in his introduction the importance of the modern conception of the corporation to corporate law: ‘ The modern theory of the firm, which is central to finance and corporate law, views the corporation as a nexus of contracts between the various corporate constituencies. Upon this foundation finance theory and corporate law postulate shareholder wealth as the objective of the firm ’ [1] A problematic issue for Corporate Law is that situations of Insolvency challenge the primacy of shareholder wealth maximisation in favour of creditor protection. It causes many scholars in the legal profession to go back to the roots of why ought corporations be shareholder wealth maximising? And furthermore why does it hold such ideological weight? Undoubtedly shareholders are one of the most important parties in the contractual nexus of a corporation; they provide ready capital, hold a claim on resi dual assets and bear the residual risk of corporate failure. However their integral role per se doesn’t justify their primacy in corporate law and theory. Boatright summarises the main argument for shareholder primacy: Only those who bear the residual risk are appropriate for making discretionary decisions as to wealth-maximisation. If employees, bondholders and perhaps creditors had control they would tend to favour decisions that maximise their fixed-claim, this could mean that less-profitable decisions would be taken. Even managers and directors will have separate agendas and avoid profitable ventures if it was likely to increase risk to them or reduce their power. Only shareholders that bear flexible and varying costs and benefits are in the position to make purely profit-maximising decisions. In a legal sense this special interest of the shareholders is protected through the operation of fiduciary duties to shareholders, such theories argue that no other part y in the corporate contractual nexus would benefit from the arrangement as much and therefore shareholders are more willing to pay for the privilege of having their interests protected whereas creditors and other parties would rather not have their interests tied as closely to the corporations performance as closely. A good example of the distinctive nature of shareholder and director relations can be viewed when we consider the contract of employment. An employee of a firm does not benefit from a fiduciary duty to maximise profits in various ways as such a duty could prejudice them in many ways such as reducing their pay and lengthening their hours. They would prefer a more fixed contractual relationship. The welfare of society is maximised through this corporate arrangement because it is viewed as the most efficient arrangement but by no means the only arrangement other examples can be employee-owned corporations and most pertinent to this dissertation the role of creditors intere sts. This work is looking at one aspect of the contractual nexus and whether the balance between shareholder and creditor interests is both ethical and practical. Interrelated into this task are other conceptual questions that we are forced to confront.

Assisting Teachers to choose the appropriate e-learning tool PART 2 Assignment

Assisting Teachers to choose the appropriate e-learning tool PART 2 - Assignment Example A goal of Blooms nomenclature is to motivate teachers to focus on all three areas, creating a more rounded form of teaching. Blooms nomenclature is considered to be an introductory and essential component within the teaching community. A tradition has developed around the nomenclature, possibly due to countless people learning about the nomenclature over second hand data. Bloom himself reflected the Handbook "one of the highly cited yet least read in American teaching". ISTE Values (formerly the NETS)Â  for Instructors (ISTE Standards) are the principles for estimating the skills and information educators need to instill, work and study in a progressively connected universal and numerical society. As technology incorporation continues to surge in our society, it is vital that teachers retain the skills and comportments of digital age specialists. Moving onward, teachers need to become contented being co-learners with their apprentices and coworkers worldwide. An algorithm is an involved way to clarify your philosophies using step-by-step directions. A clear procedure basically means that not only you can comprehend it, but persons who are relying on your procedure in order to comprehend your notion can do as well. A procedure that is perfect however, is not fundamentally correct. The good thing about a language is that there exists numerous ways to extant one idea. A correct procedure means that it will essentially perform as anticipated. Efficacy can be termed as working fast and accurately. Would you quite have a game that opened in 10 or 5 minutes? That can be exacted by your algorithm’s efficacy. Having an effectual algorithm means it operates as smoothly as probable and in the least amount of time. A clear system consists of proper classification. For instance while writing a package; you might have variables whose information is dog, pink and